You would need MATLAB Coder for that. MATLAB Compiler would not be suitable for this, as MATLAB Compiler executes at about the same speed (or slower) as MATLAB does.
There are a lot of routines that cannot be compiled with MATLAB Coder.
Have you used the profiler to find out which parts of your code are slow?
If when you say "slow" you are talking about latency for sound acquisition, then you should be considering a different route. See Daniel's suggestions in http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/17473-usb-sound-device-possible
